Res Communis

U.S. and France Sign Agreements for Civil Space Cooperation

by P.J. Blount with the blog faculty

From NASA:

RELEASE : 09-216

U.S. and France Sign Agreements for Civil Space Cooperation

WASHINGTON — NASA Administrator Charles Bolden and French Space Agency President Yannick d’Escatha signed four agreements in support of U.S. and French space cooperation during a ceremony Thursday at NASA Headquarters in Washington.

“The French Space Agency has a long history of participating with NASA in Earth and space science missions,” Bolden said. “I am pleased to see this cooperation expand as we look to further engage the international community in exploring space.”

The Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, or CNES, is the French government agency responsible for shaping and implementing the country’s space policy in Europe. It was founded in 1961 and headquartered in Paris. The CNES mission is to invent future space systems, bring space technologies to maturity and guarantee France’s independent access to space.

The agreements involve missions in NASA’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington. They are:

* A Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution mission scheduled to launch in 2013. This NASA-led project will provide the first direct measurements to address key scientific questions about the evolution of the red planet. CNES will provide the Solar Wind Electron Analyzer sensor to measure solar wind and ionospheric electrons.

* A Magnetospheric MultiScale mission scheduled to launch in 2014. This is a NASA-led, four spacecraft project. It will make measurements to help explain the fundamental physical processes involved with magnetic reconnection, particle acceleration and turbulence on both the micro and meso scales in the Earth’s magnetosphere. CNES will provide portions of the instrument suite for the investigation.

* A Convection Rotation and Planetary Transits mission launched in December 2006. The project is led by CNES in conjunction with the European Space Agency and other international partners. The agreement involves participation by U.S. scientists in the data analysis of planetary observations in return for NASA time for follow-up ground observations by the Keck telescope in Mauna Kea in Hawaii.

* A Surface Water and Ocean Topography mission for the study and definition of potential cooperation on this Earth Science Decadal Survey mission. The project could give scientists the first comprehensive view of Earth’s freshwater bodies from space and more detailed measurements of the ocean surface than ever before, thereby enabling improved water management and climate predictions.

NASA’s Science Mission Directorate engages the nation’s science community, sponsors scientific research and develops and deploys satellites and probes in collaboration with NASA’s international partners to answer fundamental questions requiring a view from and into space.

The directorate studies Earth as a planet, explores the planetary bodies of our solar system, studies the sun and its influence throughout the solar system, and scans the universe to gauge its expanse while searching for Earth-like planets.

Disasters Charter: Earthquake in Indonesia

by P.J. Blount with the blog faculty

The Disasters Charter has been activated for an Earthquake in Indonesia:

Earthquake in Indonesia

Type of Event: Earthquake
Location of Event: Java, Indonesia
Date of Charter Activation: 17/09/2009
Charter Requestor: USGS on behalf of LAPAN/Indonesia
Project Management: Pacific Disaster Center

Description of the Event
A major earthquake struck Java on 3 September 2009.
At least 57 people were killed, hundreds of people were injured and thousands of houses were destroyed or damaged.

White House Documents on Missile Defense

by P.J. Blount with the blog faculty

The Fact Sheet:

THE WHITE HOUSE

Office of the Press Secretary
__________________________________________________________________________
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE September 17, 2009

Fact Sheet on U.S. Missile Defense Policy
A “Phased, Adaptive Approach” for Missile Defense in Europe

President Obama has approved the recommendation of Secretary of Defense Gates and the Joint Chiefs of Staff for a phased, adaptive approach for missile defense in Europe. This approach is based on an assessment of the Iranian missile threat, and a commitment to deploy technology that is proven, cost-effective, and adaptable to an evolving security environment.

Starting around 2011, this missile defense architecture will feature deployments of increasingly-capable sea- and land-based missile interceptors, primarily upgraded versions of the Standard Missile-3 (SM-3), and a range of sensors in Europe to defend against the growing ballistic missile threat from Iran. This phased approach develops the capability to augment our current protection of the U.S. homeland against long-range ballistic missile threats, and to offer more effective defenses against more near-term ballistic missile threats. The plan provides for the defense of U.S. deployed forces, their families, and our Allies in Europe sooner and more comprehensively than the previous program, and involves more flexible and survivable systems.

The Secretary of Defense and the Joint Chiefs of Staff recommended to the President that he revise the previous Administration’s 2007 plan for missile defense in Europe as part of an ongoing comprehensive review of our missile defenses mandated by Congress. Two major developments led to this unanimous recommended change:

* New Threat Assessment: The intelligence community now assesses that the threat from Iran’s short- and medium-range ballistic missiles is developing more rapidly than previously projected, while the threat of potential Iranian intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) capabilities has been slower to develop than previously estimated. In the near-term, the greatest missile threats from Iran will be to U.S. Allies and partners, as well as to U.S. deployed personnel – military and civilian –and their accompanying families in the Middle East and in Europe.

* Advances in Capabilities and Technologies: Over the past several years, U.S. missile defense capabilities and technologies have advanced significantly. We expect this trend to continue. Improved interceptor capabilities, such as advanced versions of the SM-3, offer a more flexible, capable, and cost-effective architecture. Improved sensor technologies offer a variety of options to detect and track enemy missiles.

These changes in the threat as well as our capabilities and technologies underscore the need for an adaptable architecture. This architecture is responsive to the current threat, but could also incorporate relevant technologies quickly and cost-effectively to respond to evolving threats. Accordingly, the Department of Defense has developed a four-phased, adaptive approach for missile defense in Europe. While further advances of technology or future changes in the threat could modify the details or timing of later phases, current plans call for the following:

* Phase One (in the 2011 timeframe) – Deploy current and proven missile defense systems available in the next two years, including the sea-based Aegis Weapon System, the SM-3 interceptor (Block IA), and sensors such as the forward-based Army Navy/Transportable Radar Surveillance system (AN/TPY-2), to address regional ballistic missile threats to Europe and our deployed personnel and their families;
* Phase Two (in the 2015 timeframe) – After appropriate testing, deploy a more capable version of the SM-3 interceptor (Block IB) in both sea- and land-based configurations, and more advanced sensors, to expand the defended area against short- and medium-range missile threats;
* Phase Three (in the 2018 timeframe) – After development and testing are complete, deploy the more advanced SM-3 Block IIA variant currently under development, to counter short-, medium-, and intermediate-range missile threats; and
* Phase Four (in the 2020 timeframe) – After development and testing are complete, deploy the SM-3 Block IIB to help better cope with medium- and intermediate-range missiles and the potential future ICBM threat to the United States.

Throughout all four phases, the United States also will be testing and updating a range of approaches for improving our sensors for missile defense. The new distributed interceptor and sensor architecture also does not require a single, large, fixed European radar that was to be located in the Czech Republic; this approach also uses different interceptor technology than the previous program, removing the need for a single field of 10 ground-based interceptors in Poland. Therefore, the Secretary of Defense recommended that the United States no longer plan to move forward with that architecture.

The Czech Republic and Poland, as close, strategic and steadfast Allies of the United States, will be central to our continued consultations with NATO Allies on our defense against the growing ballistic missile threat.

The phased, adaptive approach for missile defense in Europe:

* Sustains U.S. homeland defense against long-range ballistic missile threats. The deployment of an advanced version of the SM-3 interceptor in Phase Four of the approach would augment existing ground-based interceptors located in Alaska and California, which provide for the defense of the homeland against a potential ICBM threat.
* Speeds protection of U.S. deployed forces, civilian personnel, and their accompanying families against the near-term missile threat from Iran. We would deploy current and proven technology by roughly 2011 – about six or seven years earlier than the previous plan – to help defend the regions in Europe most vulnerable to the Iranian short- and medium-range ballistic missile threat.
* Ensures and enhances the protection of the territory and populations of all NATO Allies, in concert with their missile defense capabilities, against the current and growing ballistic missile threat. Starting in 2011, the phased, adaptive approach would systematically increase the defended area as the threat is expected to grow. In the 2018 timeframe, all of Europe could be protected by our collective missile defense architecture.
* Deploys proven capabilities and technologies to meet current threats. SM-3 (Block 1A) interceptors are deployed on Aegis ships today, and more advanced versions are in various stages of development. Over the past four years, we have conducted a number of tests of the SM-3 IA, and it was the interceptor used in the successful engagement of a decaying satellite in February 2008. Testing in 2008 showed that sensors we plan to field bring significant capabilities to the architecture, and additional, planned research and development over the next few years offers the potential for more diverse and more capable sensors.
* Provides flexibility to upgrade and adjust the architecture, and to do so in a cost-effective manner, as the threat evolves. Because of the lower per-interceptor costs and mobility of key elements of the architecture, we will be better postured to adapt this set of defenses to any changes in threat.

We will work with our Allies to integrate this architecture with NATO members’ missile defense capabilities, as well as with the emerging NATO command and control network that is under development. One benefit of the phased, adaptive approach is that there is a high degree of flexibility – in addition to sea-based assets, there are many potential locations for the architecture’s land-based elements, some of which will be re-locatable. We plan to deploy elements in northern and southern Europe and will be consulting closely at NATO with Allies on the specific deployment options.

We also welcome Russian cooperation to bring its missile defense capabilities into a broader defense of our common strategic interests. We have repeatedly made clear to Russia that missile defense in Europe poses no threat to its strategic deterrent. Rather, the purpose is to strengthen defenses against the growing Iranian missile threat. There is no substitute for Iran complying with its international obligations regarding its nuclear program. But ballistic missile defenses will address the threat from Iran’s ballistic missile programs, and diminish the coercive influence that Iran hopes to gain by continuing to develop these destabilizing capabilities.

Through the ongoing Department of Defense ballistic missile defense review, the Secretary of Defense and the Joint Chiefs of Staff will continue to provide recommendations to the President that address other aspects of our ballistic missile defense capabilities and posture around the world.

###

And the President’s remarks:

THE WHITE HOUSE

Office of the Press Secretary
________________________________________________________________________
For Immediate Release September 17, 2009

REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
ON STRENGTHENING MISSILE DEFENSE IN EUROPE

Diplomatic Reception Room

10:21 A.M. EDT

THE PRESIDENT: Good morning. As Commander-in-Chief, I’m committed to doing everything in my power to advance our national security. And that includes strengthening our defenses against any and all threats to our people, our troops, and our friends and allies around the world.

One of those threats is the danger posed by ballistic missiles. As I said during the campaign, President Bush was right that Iran’s ballistic missile program poses a significant threat. And that’s why I’m committed to deploying strong missile defense systems which are adaptable to the threats of the 21st century.

The best way to responsibly advance our security and the security of our allies is to deploy a missile defense system that best responds to the threats that we face and that utilizes technology that is both proven and cost-effective.

In keeping with that commitment, and a congressionally mandated review, I ordered a comprehensive assessment of our missile defense program in Europe. And after an extensive process, I have approved the unanimous recommendations of my Secretary of Defense and my Joint Chiefs of Staff to strengthen America’s defenses against ballistic missile attack.

This new approach will provide capabilities sooner, build on proven systems, and offer greater defenses against the threat of missile attack than the 2007 European missile defense program.

This decision was guided by two principal factors. First, we have updated our intelligence assessment of Iran’s missile programs, which emphasizes the threat posed by Iran’s short- and medium-range missiles, which are capable of reaching Europe. There’s no substitute for Iran complying with its international obligations regarding its nuclear program, and we, along with our allies and partners, will continue to pursue strong diplomacy to ensure that Iran lives up to these international obligations. But this new ballistic missile defense program will best address the threat posed by Iran’s ongoing ballistic missile defense program.

Second, we have made specific and proven advances in our missile defense technology, particularly with regard to land- and sea-based interceptors and the sensors that support them. Our new approach will, therefore, deploy technologies that are proven and cost-effective and that counter the current threat, and do so sooner than the previous program. Because our approach will be phased and adaptive, we will retain the flexibility to adjust and enhance our defenses as the threat and technology continue to evolve.

To put it simply, our new missile defense architecture in Europe will provide stronger, smarter, and swifter defenses of American forces and America’s allies. It is more comprehensive than the previous program; it deploys capabilities that are proven and cost-effective; and it sustains and builds upon our commitment to protect the U.S. homeland against long-range ballistic missile threats; and it ensures and enhances the protection of all our NATO allies.

This approach is also consistent with NATO missile — NATO’s missile defense efforts and provides opportunities for enhanced international collaboration going forward. We will continue to work cooperatively with our close friends and allies, the Czech Republic and Poland, who had agreed to host elements of the previous program. I’ve spoken to the Prime Ministers of both the Czech Republic and Poland about this decision and reaffirmed our deep and close ties. Together we are committed to a broad range of cooperative efforts to strengthen our collective defense, and we are bound by the solemn commitment of NATO’s Article V that an attack on one is an attack on all.

We’ve also repeatedly made clear to Russia that its concerns about our previous missile defense programs were entirely unfounded. Our clear and consistent focus has been the threat posed by Iran’s ballistic missile program, and that continues to be our focus and the basis of the program that we’re announcing today.

In confronting that threat, we welcome Russians’ cooperation to bring its missile defense capabilities into a broader defense of our common strategic interests, even as we continue to — we continue our shared efforts to end Iran’s illicit nuclear program.

Going forward, my administration will continue to consult closely with Congress and with our allies as we deploy this system, and we will rigorously evaluate both the threat posed by ballistic missiles and the technology that we are developing to counter it.

I’m confident that with the steps we’ve taken today, we have strengthened America’s national security and enhanced our capacity to confront 21st century threats.

Thank you very much, everybody.

END
10:26 A.M. EDT

More reading:

Russia, U.S. signed no anti-missile deals – Foreign Ministry – RIA Novosti

The right decision on missile defense – Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces Blog

A first take on Obama’s missile defense rethink – Bulletin of Atomic Scientists

A Sensible Missile Defense for NATO – Arms Control Wonk

Obama’s Europe missile defense plan – the good and the bad – Small Wars Journal

S. 1670: Satellite Television Modernization Act of 2009

by P.J. Blount with the blog faculty

S. 1670: Satellite Television Modernization Act of 2009 was introduced on September 15, 2009 by Sen. Patrick Leahy (D-VT). The text is not yet available.

H.R. 3570: Satellite Home Viewer Update and Reauthorization Act of 2009

by P.J. Blount with the blog faculty

H.R. 3570: Satellite Home Viewer Update and Reauthorization Act of 2009 was introduced on September 15, 2009 by Rep. John Conyers (D-MI14):

HR 3570 IH

111th CONGRESS

1st Session

H. R. 3570

To amend title 17, United States Code, to reauthorize the satellite statutory license, to conform the satellite and cable statutory licenses to all-digital transmissions, and for other purposes.

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

September 15, 2009

Mr. CONYERS (for himself, Mr. BOUCHER, Ms. WASSERMAN SCHULTZ, and Mr. JOHNSON of Georgia) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary

A BILL

To amend title 17, United States Code, to reauthorize the satellite statutory license, to conform the satellite and cable statutory licenses to all-digital transmissions, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ‘Satellite Home Viewer Update and Reauthorization Act of 2009’.

SEC. 2. REFERENCE.

Except as otherwise provided, whenever in this Act an amendment is made to a section or other provision, the reference shall be considered to be made to such section or provision of title 17, United States Code.

SEC. 3. MODIFICATIONS TO STATUTORY LICENSE FOR SATELLITE CARRIERS.

(a) Heading Renamed-

(1) IN GENERAL- The heading of section 119 is amended by striking ‘superstations and network stations for private home viewing’ and inserting ‘distant television programming by satellite’.

(2) TABLE OF CONTENTS- The table of contents for chapter I is amended by striking the item relating to section 119 and inserting the following:

‘119. Limitations on exclusive rights: Secondary transmissions of distant television programming by satellite.’.

(b) Unserved Household Defined- Section 119(d)(10) is amended–

(1) by striking subparagraph (A) and inserting the following:

‘(A) cannot receive, through the use of a conventional, stationary, outdoor rooftop receiving antenna, an over-the-air signal containing the primary video or qualified multicast video of a primary network station located in that household’s local market and affiliated with that network of–

‘(i) if the signal originates as an analog signal, Grade B intensity as defined by the Federal Communications Commission under section 73.683(a) of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations, as in effect on January 1, 1999; or

‘(ii) if the signal originates as a digital signal, intensity defined in the values for digital television noise-limited service contour, as defined in regulations issued by the Federal Communications Commission under section 73.622(e) of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations, as such regulations may be amended from time to time;’;

(2) in subparagraph (B)–

(A) by striking ‘subsection (a)(14)’ and inserting ‘subsection (a)(13),’; and

(B) by striking ‘Satellite Home Viewer Extension and Reauthorization Act of 2004’ and inserting ‘Satellite Home Viewer Update and Reauthorization Act of 2009’;

(3) in subparagraph (D)–

(A) by striking ‘(a)(12)’ and inserting ‘(a)(11)’; and

(B) by striking ‘or’;

(4) in subparagraph (E), by striking the period at the end and inserting ‘; or’; and

(5) by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

‘(F) is a subscriber who was lawfully receiving, by reason of subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Satellite Home Viewer Update and Reauthorization Act of 2009, secondary transmissions of the primary transmission of a network station affiliated with that network.’.

(c) Filing Fee- Section 119(b)(1) is amended–

(1) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘and’ after the semicolon at the end;

(2) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period and inserting ‘; and’; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

‘(C) a filing fee, as determined by the Register of Copyrights pursuant to section 708(a).’.

(d) Emergency Monitoring, Planning, or Responding- Section 119(a) is amended by adding at the end the following:

‘(17) RETRANSMISSION FOR EMERGENCY PREPARATION, RESPONSE, OR RECOVERY-

‘(A) AUTHORITY- The secondary transmission by a satellite carrier of a performance or display of a work embodied in a primary transmission of a television broadcast station is not an infringement of copyright if such secondary transmission is made–

‘(i) to a Federal governmental body designated by the Secretary of Homeland Security or an organization established with the purpose of carrying out a system of national and international relief efforts and chartered under section 300101 of title 36;

‘(ii) to officers or employees of such body or such organization as a part of the official duties or employment of such officers or employees;

‘(iii) at the request of the Secretary of Homeland Security; and

‘(iv) for the sole purpose of preparing for, responding to, or recovering from an emergency described under subparagraph (B).

‘(B) EMERGENCIES- An emergency is described under this subparagraph if the Secretary of Homeland Security identifies such emergency as a major disaster, a catastrophe, an act of terrorism, or a transportation security incident.

‘(C) REGULATIONS- Not later than 6 months after the date of the enactment of this paragraph, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall issue regulations to protect copyright owners by preventing the unauthorized access to the secondary transmissions described in subparagraph (A).

‘(D) REPORTS TO CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES- Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this paragraph and by September 30 of each year thereafter, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall submit a report to the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate describing–

‘(i) the manner in which the authority granted under subparagraph (A) is being used; and

‘(ii) any additional legislative recommendations the Secretary may have.

‘(E) DEFINITIONS- As used in this paragraph:

‘(i) TERRORISM- The term ‘terrorism’ has the meaning given that term in section 2(16) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 101(16)).

‘(ii) TRANSPORTATION SECURITY INCIDENT- The term ‘transportation security incident’ has the meaning given that term in section 70101 of title 46.

‘(F) EFFECTIVE DATE- This paragraph shall take effect with respect to a secondary transmission described under subparagraph (A) that is made after the end of the 30-day period beginning on the effective date of the regulations issued by the Secretary of Homeland Security under subparagraph (C).’.

(e) License Provided for Certain Networks of Noncommercial Educational Broadcast Stations- Section 119(a)(2)(C) is amended by adding at the end the following new clause:

‘(vi) NETWORKS OF NONCOMMERCIAL EDUCATIONAL BROADCAST STATIONS- In the case of a system of three or more noncommercial educational broadcast stations licensed by a single State, public agency, or political, educational, or special purpose subdivision of a State, the statutory license provided for in subparagraph (A) shall apply to the secondary transmission of the primary transmission of such system to any subscriber in any county within such State, if such subscriber is located in a designated market area that is not otherwise eligible to receive the secondary transmission of the primary transmission of such system pursuant to section 122(a).’.

(f) Deposit of Statements and Fees; Verification Procedures- Section 119(b) is amended–

(1) by amending the subsection heading to read as follows: ‘(b) Deposit of Statements and Fees; Verification Procedures- ’;

(2) by redesignating paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) as paragraphs (3), (4), and (5), respectively;

(3) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:

‘(2) VERIFICATION OF ACCOUNTS AND FEE PAYMENTS- The Register of Copyrights shall issue regulations to permit interested parties to verify and audit the statements of account and royalty fees submitted by satellite carriers under this subsection.’;

(4) in paragraph (3), as redesignated, by striking ‘paragraph (4)’ and inserting ‘paragraph (5)’;

(5) in paragraph (4), as redesignated–

(A) by striking ‘paragraph (2)’ and inserting ‘paragraph (3)’; and

(B) by striking ‘paragraph (4)’ each place it appears and inserting ‘paragraph (5)’; and

(6) in paragraph (5), as redesignated, by striking ‘paragraph (2)’ and inserting ‘paragraph (3)’.

(g) Adjustment of Royalty Fees- Section 119(c) is amended as follows:

(1) Paragraph (1) is amended–

(A) in the heading for such paragraph, by striking ‘ANALOG’;

(B) in subparagraph (A)–

(i) by striking ‘primary analog transmissions’ and inserting ‘primary transmissions’; and

(ii) by striking ‘July 1, 2004’ and inserting ‘July 1, 2009’;

(C) in subparagraph (B)–

(i) by striking ‘January 2, 2005, the Librarian of Congress’ and inserting ‘January 4, 2010, the Copyright Royalty Judges’;

(ii) by striking ‘primary analog transmission’ and inserting ‘primary transmissions’; and

(iii) by adding at the end the following: ‘A separate fee shall be established for each stream of a multicast transmission included in the secondary transmission to the subscriber.’;

(D) in subparagraph (C), by striking ‘Librarian of Congress’ and inserting ‘Copyright Royalty Judges’;

(E) in subparagraph (D)–

(i) in clause (i)–

(I) by striking ‘(i) Voluntary agreements’ and inserting the following:

‘(i) VOLUNTARY AGREEMENTS; FILING- Voluntary agreements’; and

(II) by striking ‘that a parties’ and inserting ‘that are parties’; and

(ii) in clause (ii)–

(I) by striking ‘(ii)(I) Within’ and inserting the following:

‘(ii) PROCEDURE FOR ADOPTION OF FEES-

‘(I) PUBLICATION OF NOTICE- Within’;

(II) in subclause (I), by striking ‘an arbitration proceeding pursuant to subparagraph (E)’ and inserting ‘a proceeding under subparagraph (F)’;

(III) in subclause (II), by striking ‘(II) Upon receiving a request under subclause (I), the Librarian of Congress’ and inserting the following:

‘(II) PUBLIC NOTICE OF FEES- Upon receiving a request under subclause (I), the Copyright Royalty Judges’; and

(IV) in subclause (III)–

(aa) by striking ‘(III) The Librarian’ and inserting the following:

‘(III) ADOPTION OF FEES- The Copyright Royalty Judges’;

(bb) by striking ‘an arbitration proceeding’ and inserting ‘the proceeding under subparagraph (F)’; and

(cc) by striking ‘the arbitration proceeding’ and inserting ‘that proceeding’;

(F) in subparagraph (E)–

(i) by striking ‘Copyright Office’ and inserting ‘Copyright Royalty Judges’; and

(ii) by striking ‘December 31, 2009’ and inserting ‘December 31, 2014’; and

(G) in subparagraph (F)–

(i) in the heading, by striking ‘COMPULSORY ARBITRATION’ and inserting ‘COPYRIGHT ROYALTY JUDGES PROCEEDING’;

(ii) in clause (i)–

(I) in the heading, by striking ‘PROCEEDINGS’ and inserting ‘THE PROCEEDING’;

(II) in the matter preceding subclause (I)–

(aa) by striking ‘May 1, 2005, the Librarian of Congress’ and inserting ‘May 3, 2010, the Copyright Royalty Judges’;

(bb) by striking ‘arbitration proceedings’ and inserting ‘a proceeding’;

(cc) by striking ‘fee to be paid’ and inserting ‘fees to be paid’;

(dd) by striking ‘primary analog transmission’ and inserting ‘the primary transmissions’; and

(ee) by striking ‘distributors’ and inserting ‘distributors–’;

(III) in subclause (II)–

(aa) by striking ‘Librarian of Congress’ and inserting ‘Copyright Royalty Judges’; and

(bb) by striking ‘arbitration’; and

(IV) by amending the last sentence to read as follows: ‘Such proceeding shall be conducted under chapter 8.’;

(iii) in clause (ii), by amending the matter preceding subclause (I) to read as follows:

‘(ii) ESTABLISHMENT OF ROYALTY FEES- In determining royalty fees under this subparagraph, the Copyright Royalty Judges shall establish fees for the secondary transmissions of the primary transmissions of network stations and non-network stations that most clearly represent the fair market value of secondary transmissions, except that the Copyright Royalty Judges shall adjust royalty fees to account for the obligations of the parties under any applicable voluntary agreement filed with the Copyright Royalty Judges in accordance with subparagraph (D). In determining the fair market value, the Judges shall base their decision on economic, competitive, and programming information presented by the parties, including–’;

(iv) by amending clause (iii) to read as follows:

‘(iii) EFFECTIVE DATE FOR DECISION OF COPYRIGHT ROYALTY JUDGES- The obligation to pay the royalty fees established under a determination that is made by the Copyright Royalty Judges in a proceeding under this paragraph shall be effective as of January 1, 2010.’; and

(v) in clause (iv)–

(I) in the heading, by striking ‘FEE’ and inserting ‘FEES’; and

(II) by striking ‘fee’ and inserting ‘fees’.

(2) Paragraph (2) is amended to read as follows:

‘(2) ANNUAL ROYALTY FEE ADJUSTMENT- Effective January 1 of each year, the royalty fee payable under subsection (b)(1)(B) for the secondary transmission of the primary transmissions of network stations and non-network stations shall be adjusted by the Copyright Royalty Judges to reflect any changes occurring in the cost of living as determined by the most recent Consumer Price Index (for all consumers and for all items) published by the Secretary of Labor before December 1 of the preceding year. Notification of the adjusted fees shall be published in the Federal Register at least 25 days before January 1.’.

(h) Definitions-

(1) SUBSCRIBER- Section 119(d)(8) is amended to read as follows:

‘(8) SUBSCRIBER- The term ‘subscriber’ means a person or entity that receives a secondary transmission service from a satellite carrier and pays a fee for the service, directly or indirectly, to the satellite carrier or to a distributor.’.

(2) LOW POWER TELEVISION STATION- Section 119(d)(12) is amended by striking ‘low power television as’ and inserting ‘low power TV station as’.

(3) LOCAL MARKET- Section 119(d)(11) is amended to read as follows:

‘(11) LOCAL MARKET- The term ‘local market’ has the meaning given such term under section 122(j).’.

(4) NONCOMMERCIAL EDUCATIONAL BROADCAST STATION- Section 119(d) is amended–

(A) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking ‘(as defined in section 397 of the Communications Act of 1934)’; and

(B) by adding at the end the following:

‘(14) NONCOMMERCIAL EDUCATIONAL BROADCAST STATION- The term ‘noncommercial educational broadcast station’ means a television broadcast station that–

‘(A) under the rules and regulations of the Federal Communications Commission in effect on November 2, 1978, is eligible to be licensed by the Federal Communications Commission as a noncommercial educational television broadcast station and is owned and operated by a public agency or nonprofit private foundation, corporation, or association; or

‘(B) is owned and operated by a municipality and transmits only noncommercial programs for education purposes.’.

(5) MULTICAST TRANSMISSION- Section 119(d) is amended by adding at the end the following:

‘(15) MULTICAST TRANSMISSION- A ‘multicast transmission’ is a transmission by a television station that contains more than one channel or digital stream, each containing its own distinct programming.’.

(6) QUALIFIED MULTICAST VIDEO- Section 119(d), as amended by paragraph (5), is further amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

‘(16) QUALIFIED MULTICAST VIDEO- A ‘qualified multicast video’ is a video stream other than the primary video that, with respect to a particular satellite carrier either–

‘(A) was carried by that satellite carrier on July 1, 2009, and remains affiliated with the same network; or

‘(B) exists on January 1, 2013, and remains affiliated with the same network.’.

(7) PRIMARY VIDEO- Section 119(d), as amended by paragraph (6), is further amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

‘(17) PRIMARY VIDEO- The term ‘primary video’ means the single programming stream and associated data that received the highest aggregate viewership ratings of all programming streams offered by that station as of the date of enactment of the Satellite Home Viewer Update and Reauthorization Act of 2009, offered by a television broadcast station.’.

(8) CLERICAL AMENDMENT- Section 119(d) is amended in paragraphs (1),(2), and (5) by striking ‘which’ each place it appears and inserting ‘that’.

(i) Superstation Redesignated as Non-network Station- Section 119 is amended–

(1) by striking ‘superstation’ each place it appears in a heading and each place it appears in text and inserting ‘non-network station’; and

(2) by striking ‘superstations’ each place it appears in a heading and each place it appears in text and inserting ‘non-network stations’.

(j) Low Power Television Stations- Section 119(a)(15) is amended to read as follows:

‘(15) SECONDARY TRANSMISSIONS OF LOW POWER TELEVISION PROGRAMMING-

‘(A) IN GENERAL- Notwithstanding paragraph (2)(B), and subject to subparagraphs (B) through (D) of this paragraph, the statutory license provided for in paragraph (1) shall apply to the secondary transmission by a satellite carrier of the primary transmission of the programming of a non-network station that is licensed as a low power television station, to a subscriber who resides within the same designated market area as the station that originates the programming signal.

‘(B) NO APPLICABILITY TO REPEATERS AND TRANSLATORS- Secondary transmissions provided for in subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any low power television station that retransmits the programs and signals of another television station for more than 2 hours each day.

‘(C) ROYALTY FEES- A satellite carrier whose secondary transmission of the primary transmission of the programming of a low power television station is subject to statutory licensing under this section shall be subject to royalty payments under subsection (b)(1)(B) for any transmission to a subscriber outside of the local market of the low power television station.

‘(D) LIMITATION TO SUBSCRIBERS TAKING LOCAL-INTO-LOCAL SERVICE- Secondary transmissions provided for in subparagraph (A) may be made by a satellite carrier only to subscribers who receive secondary transmissions of primary transmissions from that satellite carrier pursuant to the statutory license under section 122.’.

(k) Removal of Significantly Viewed Provision-

(1) REMOVAL OF PROVISION- Section 119(a) is amended by striking paragraph (3) and redesignating paragraphs (4) through (17) as paragraphs (3) through (16), respectively.

(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS- Section 119 is amended–

(A) in subsection (a)–

(i) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘(5), (6), and (8)’ and inserting ‘(4), (5), and (7)’;

(ii) in paragraph (2)–

(I) in subparagraph (A), by striking ‘paragraphs (5), (6), (7), and (8)’ and inserting ‘paragraphs (4), (5), (6), and (7)’;

(II) in subparagraph (B)(i), by striking the second sentence; and

(III) in subparagraph (D), by striking clauses (i) and (ii) and inserting the following:

‘(i) INITIAL LISTS- A satellite carrier that makes secondary transmissions of a primary transmission made by a network station pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall, not later than 90 days after commencing such secondary transmissions, submit to the network that owns or is affiliated with the network station a list identifying (by name and address, including street or rural route number, city, State, and 9-digit zip code) all subscribers to which the satellite carrier makes secondary transmissions of that primary transmission to subscribers in unserved households.

‘(ii) MONTHLY LISTS- After the submission of the initial lists under clause (i), the satellite carrier shall, not later than the 15th of each month, submit to the network a list identifying (by name and address, including street or rural route number, city, State, and 9-digit zip code) any persons who have been added or dropped as subscribers under clause (i) since the last submission under clause (i).’; and

(iii) in paragraph (3)(E) (as redesignated)–

(I) by striking ‘under paragraph (3) or’; and

(II) by striking ‘paragraph (12)’ and inserting ‘paragraph (11)’; and

(B) in subsection (b)(1), by striking the final sentence.

(l) Modifications to Provisions for Secondary Transmissions by Satellite Carriers-

(1) PREDICTIVE MODEL- Section 119(a)(2)(B)(ii) is amended by adding at the end the following:

‘(III) ACCURATE PREDICTIVE MODEL WITH RESPECT TO DIGITAL SIGNALS- Notwithstanding subclause (I), in determining presumptively whether a person resides in an unserved household under subsection (d)(10)(A) with respect to digital signals, a court shall rely on a predictive model set forth by the Federal Communications Commission pursuant to a rulemaking as provided in section 339(c)(3) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 339(c)(3)), as that model may be amended by the Commission over time under such section to increase the accuracy of that model. Until such time as the Commission sets forth such model, a court shall rely on the predictive model endorsed by the Commission in FCC 05-199, released December 9, 2005.’.

(2) MODIFICATIONS TO STATUTORY LICENSE WHERE RETRANSMISSIONS INTO LOCAL MARKET AVAILABLE- Section 119(a)(3) (as redesignated) is amended–

(A) by striking ‘analog’ each place it appears in a heading and text; and

(B) by amending subparagraph (B) to read as follows:

‘(B) RULES FOR OTHER SUBSCRIBERS- The statutory license under paragraph (2) shall not apply to the secondary transmission by a satellite carrier of a primary transmission of a network station to a person who–

‘(i) is not a subscriber lawfully receiving such secondary transmission as of the date of the enactment of the Satellite Home Viewer Update and Reauthorization Act of 2009; or

‘(ii) at the time such person seeks to subscribe to receive such secondary transmission, resides in a local market where the satellite carrier makes available to that person the secondary transmission of the primary transmission of a local network station affiliated with the same television network pursuant to the statutory license under section 122, and such secondary transmission of such primary transmission can reach such person.’;

(C) by striking subparagraphs (C) and (D);

(D) by redesignating subparagraphs (E), (F), and (G) as subparagraphs (C), (D), and (E), respectively;

(E) in subparagraph (D) (as redesignated), by striking ‘(C) or (D)’ and inserting ‘(B)’; and

(F) in subparagraph (E) (as redesignated), by inserting ‘9-digit’ before ‘zip code’.

(3) STATUTORY DAMAGES FOR TERRITORIAL RESTRICTIONS- Section 119(a)(6) (as redesignated) is amended–

(A) by striking ‘$5’ and inserting ‘$250’; and

(B) by striking ‘$250,000’ each place it appears and inserting ‘$2,500,000’.

(4) CLERICAL AMENDMENT- Section 119(a)(2)(B)(iii)(II) is amended by striking ‘In this clause’ and inserting ‘In this clause,’.

(m) Moratorium Extension- Section 119(e) is amended by striking ‘2009’ and inserting ‘2014’.

(n) Clerical Amendments- Section 119 is amended–

(1) by striking ‘of the Code of Federal Regulations’ each place it appears and inserting ‘, Code of Federal Regulations’; and

(2) in subsection (d)(6), by striking ‘or the Direct’ and inserting ‘, or the Direct’.

SEC. 4. MODIFICATIONS TO STATUTORY LICENSE FOR SATELLITE CARRIERS IN LOCAL MARKETS.

(a) Heading Renamed-

(1) IN GENERAL- The heading of section 122 is amended by striking ‘by satellite carriers within local markets’ and inserting ‘of local television programming by satellite’.

(2) TABLE OF CONTENTS- The table of contents for chapter I is amended by striking the item relating to section 122 and inserting the following:

‘122. Limitations on exclusive rights: Secondary transmissions of local television programming by satellite.’.

(b) Statutory License- Section 122(a) is amended to read as follows:

‘(a) Secondary Transmissions Into Local Markets-

‘(1) SECONDARY TRANSMISSIONS OF TELEVISION BROADCAST STATIONS WITHIN A LOCAL MARKET- A secondary transmission of a performance or display of a work embodied in a primary transmission of a television broadcast station into the station’s local market shall be subject to statutory licensing under this section if–

‘(A) the secondary transmission is made by a satellite carrier to the public;

‘(B) with regard to secondary transmissions, the satellite carrier is in compliance with the rules, regulations, or authorizations of the Federal Communications Commission governing the carriage of television broadcast station signals; and

‘(C) the satellite carrier makes a direct or indirect charge for the secondary transmission to–

‘(i) each subscriber receiving the secondary transmission; or

‘(ii) a distributor that has contracted with the satellite carrier for direct or indirect delivery of the secondary transmission to the public.

‘(2) SIGNIFICANTLY VIEWED STATIONS-

‘(A) IN GENERAL- The statutory license under paragraph (1) shall apply to the secondary transmission of the primary transmission of a network station or a non-network station to a subscriber who resides outside the station’s local market but within a community in which the signal has been determined by the Federal Communications Commission to be significantly viewed in such community, pursuant to the rules, regulations, and authorizations of the Federal Communications Commission in effect on April 15, 1976, applicable to determining with respect to a cable system whether signals are significantly viewed in a community.

‘(B) LIMITATION- Subparagraph (A) shall apply only to secondary transmissions of the primary transmissions of network stations or non-network stations to subscribers who receive secondary transmissions from a satellite carrier pursuant to the statutory license under paragraph (1).

‘(C) WAIVER- A subscriber who is denied the secondary transmission of the primary transmission of a network station or a non-network station under subparagraph (B) may request a waiver from such denial by submitting a request, through the subscriber’s satellite carrier, to the network station or non-network station in the local market affiliated with the same network or non-network where the subscriber is located. The network station or non-network station shall accept or reject the subscriber’s request for a waiver within 30 days after receipt of the request. If the network station or non-network station fails to accept or reject the subscriber’s request for a waiver within that 30-day period, that network station or non-network station shall be deemed to agree to the waiver request.

‘(3) SECONDARY TRANSMISSION OF LOW POWER PROGRAMMING-

‘(A) IN GENERAL- Subject to subparagraphs (B) through (D) of this paragraph, the statutory license provided under paragraph (1) shall apply to the secondary transmission by a satellite carrier of the primary transmission of a network station or a non-network station that is licensed as a low power television station, to a subscriber who resides within the same local market as the station that originates the transmission.

‘(B) NO APPLICABILITY TO REPEATERS AND TRANSLATORS- Secondary transmissions by a satellite carrier provided for in subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any low power television station that retransmits the programs and signals of another television station for more than 2 hours each day.

‘(C) LIMITATION TO SUBSCRIBERS TAKING LOCAL-INTO-LOCAL SERVICE- Secondary transmissions by a satellite carrier provided for in subparagraph (A) may be made only to subscribers who receive secondary transmissions of primary transmissions from that satellite carrier pursuant to the statutory license in paragraph (1), and only in conformity with the requirements under section 340(b) of the Communications Act of 1934, as in effect on the date of the enactment of the Satellite Home Viewer Update and Reauthorization Act of 2009.

‘(D) NO IMPACT ON OTHER SECONDARY TRANSMISSIONS OBLIGATIONS- A satellite carrier that makes secondary transmissions of a primary transmission of a low power television station under a statutory license provided under this section is not required, by reason of such secondary transmissions, to make any other secondary transmissions.’.

(c) Reporting Requirements- Section 122(b) is amended–

(1) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘station a list’ and all that follows through the end and inserting the following: ‘station–

‘(A) a list identifying (by name in alphabetical order and street address, including county and 9-digit zip code) all subscribers to which the satellite carrier makes secondary transmissions of that primary transmission under subsection (a); and

‘(B) a separate list, aggregated by designated market area (by name and address, including street or rural route number, city, State, and 9-digit zip code), which shall indicate those subscribers being served pursuant to subsection (a)(2), relating to significantly viewed stations.’; and

(2) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘network a list’ and all that follows through the end and inserting the following: ‘network–

‘(A) a list identifying (by name in alphabetical order and street address, including county and 9-digit zip code) any subscribers who have been added or dropped as subscribers since the last submission under this subsection; and

‘(B) a separate list, aggregated by designated market area (by name and street address, including street or rural route number, city, State, and 9-digit zip code), identifying those subscribers whose service pursuant to subsection (a)(2), relating to significantly viewed stations, has been added or dropped since the last submission under this subsection.’.

(d) Violations for Territorial Restrictions-

(1) Modification to Statutory Damages- Section 122(f) is amended–

(A) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking ‘$5’ and inserting ‘$250’; and

(B) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘$250,000’ each place it appears and inserting ‘$2,500,000’.

(2) Conforming Amendment for Significantly Viewed Stations- Section 122 is amended–

(A) in subsection (f), by striking ‘section 119 or’ each place it appears and inserting the following: ‘section 119, subject to statutory licensing by reason of subsection (a)(2)(A), or subject to’; and

(B) in subsection (g), by striking ‘section 119 or’ and inserting the following: ‘section 119, subsection (a)(2)(A), or’.

(e) Definitions- Section 122(j) is amended–

(1) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘which contracts’ and inserting ‘that contracts’;

(2) by amending paragraph (2)(A) to read as follows:

‘(A) IN GENERAL- The term ‘local market’ means–

‘(i) in the case of a television broadcast station that is not a low power television station, the designated market area in which such station is located, and–

‘(I) in the case of a commercial television broadcast station, all commercial television broadcast stations licensed to a community within the same designated market area are within the same local market; and

‘(II) in the case of a noncommercial educational television broadcast station, any station that is licensed to a community within the same designated market area as the noncommercial educational television broadcast station; and

‘(ii) in the case of a low power television broadcast station, the area that is both–

‘(I) within the designated market area in which such station is located; and

‘(II) within the area within 35 miles of the transmitter site of such station, except that in the case of such a station located in a standard metropolitan statistical area that has 1 of the 50 largest populations of all standard metropolitan statistical areas (based on the 1980 decennial census of population taken by the Secretary of Commerce), the area within 20 miles of the transmitter site of such station.’;

(3) in paragraph (3)–

(A) in the heading of such paragraph, by inserting ‘NON-NETWORK STATION;’ after ‘NETWORK STATION;’; and

(B) by inserting ‘non-network station’,’ after ‘network station’,’;

(4) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:

‘(4) SUBSCRIBER- The term ‘subscriber’ means a person or entity that receives a secondary transmission service from a satellite carrier and pays a fee for the service, directly or indirectly, to the satellite carrier or to a distributor.’; and

(5) by adding at the end the following:

‘(6) LOW POWER TELEVISION STATION- The term ‘low power television station’ means a low power TV station as defined under section 74.701(f) of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations, as in effect on June 1, 2004. For purposes of this paragraph, the term ‘low power television station’ includes a low power television station that has been accorded primary status as a Class A television licensee under section 73.6001(a) of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations.’.

SEC. 5. MODIFICATIONS TO CABLE SYSTEM SECONDARY TRANSMISSION RIGHTS UNDER SECTION 111.

(a) Heading Renamed-

(1) IN GENERAL- The heading of section 111 is amended by inserting at the end the following: ‘of television programming by cable’.

(2) TABLE OF CONTENTS- The table of contents for chapter I is amended by striking the item relating to section 111 and inserting the following:

‘111. Limitations on exclusive rights: Secondary transmissions of television programming by cable.’.

(b) National Emergency Monitoring Exemption- Section 111 is amended–

(1) in subsection (a)–

(A) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘; or’ and inserting ‘or section 122;’;

(B) in paragraph (5), by striking the period and inserting ‘; or’; and

(C) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

‘(6) the secondary transmission is made by a cable system for emergency preparation, response, or recovery as described under subsection (g).’; and

(2) by adding at the end the following new subsection:

‘(g) Retransmission for Emergency Preparation, Response, or Recovery-

‘(1) AUTHORITY- For purposes of subsection (a)(6), a secondary transmission by a cable system of a performance or display of a work embodied in a primary transmission by a television broadcast station is made for emergency preparation, response, or recovery if such transmission is made–

‘(A) by a cable system to a Federal governmental body designated by the Secretary of Homeland Security or an organization established with the purpose of carrying out a system of national and international relief efforts and chartered under section 300101 of title 36;

‘(B) to officers or employees of such body or such organization as a part of the official duties or employment of such officers or employees;

‘(C) at the request of the Secretary of Homeland Security; and

‘(D) for the sole purpose of preparing for, responding to, or recovering from an emergency described under paragraph (2).

‘(2) EMERGENCIES- An emergency is described under this paragraph if the Secretary of Homeland Security identifies such emergency as a major disaster, a catastrophe, an act of terrorism, or a transportation security incident.

‘(3) REGULATIONS- Not later than 6 months after the date of the enactment of this subsection, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall issue regulations to protect copyright owners by preventing the unauthorized access to the secondary transmissions described in paragraph (1).

‘(4) REPORTS TO CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES- Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this subsection and by September 30 of each year thereafter, the Secretary of Homeland Security shall submit a report to the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate describing–

‘(A) the manner in which the authority granted under paragraph (1) is being used; and

‘(B) any additional legislative recommendations the Secretary may have.

‘(5) DEFINITIONS- As used in this subsection:

‘(A) TERRORISM- The term ‘terrorism’ has the meaning given that term in section 2(16) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 101(16)).

‘(B) TRANSPORTATION SECURITY INCIDENT- The term ‘transportation security incident’ has the meaning given that term in section 70101 of title 46.

‘(6) EFFECTIVE DATE- This subsection shall take effect with respect to a secondary transmission described under paragraph (1) that is made after the end of the 30-day period beginning on the effective date of the regulations issued by the Secretary of Homeland Security under paragraph (3).’.

(c) Statutory License for Secondary Transmissions by Cable Systems- Section 111(d) is amended–

(1) in paragraph (1)–

(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)–

(i) by striking ‘A cable system whose secondary’ and inserting the following: ‘STATEMENT OF ACCOUNT AND ROYALTY FEES- A cable system whose secondary’; and

(ii) by striking ‘by regulation–’ and inserting ‘by regulation the following:’;

(B) in subparagraph (A)–

(i) by striking ‘a statement of account’ and inserting ‘A statement of account’; and

(ii) by striking ‘;and’ and inserting a period; and

(C) by striking subparagraphs (B), (C), and (D), and inserting the following:

‘(B) A total royalty fee for the period covered by the statement, computed on the basis of specified percentages of the gross receipts from subscribers to the cable service during such period for the basic service of providing secondary transmissions of primary broadcast transmitters, as follows:

‘(i) 1.064 percent for the privilege of further transmitting, beyond the local service area of such primary transmitter, any non-network programming of a primary transmitter in whole or in part, such amount to be applied against the fee, if any, payable pursuant to clauses (ii) through (iv);

‘(ii) 1.064 percent of such gross receipts for the first distant signal equivalent;

‘(iii) 0.701 percent of such gross receipts for each of the second, third, and fourth distant signal equivalents; and

‘(iv) 0.330 percent of such gross receipts for the fifth distant signal equivalent and each distant signal equivalent thereafter.

‘(C) In computing amounts under clauses (ii) through (iv) of subparagraph (B)–

‘(i) any fraction of a distant signal equivalent shall be computed at its fractional value;

‘(ii) in the case of any cable system located partly within and partly outside of the local service area of a primary transmitter, gross receipts shall be limited to those gross receipts derived from subscribers located outside of the local service area of such primary transmitter; and

‘(iii) if a cable system provides a secondary transmission of a primary transmitter to some but not all communities served by that cable system–

‘(I) the gross receipts and the distant signal equivalent values for such secondary transmission shall be derived solely on the basis of the subscribers in those communities where the cable system provides such secondary transmission; and

‘(II) the total royalty fee for the period paid by such system shall not be less than the royalty fee calculated under subparagraph (B)(i) multiplied by the gross receipts from all subscribers to the system.

‘(D) A cable system that, on a statement submitted before the date of the enactment of the Satellite Home Viewer Update and Reauthorization Act of 2009, computed its royalty fee consistent with the methodology under this paragraph or that amends a statement filed before such date of enactment to compute the royalty fee due using such methodology shall not be subject to an action for infringement, or eligible for any royalty refund, arising out of its use of such methodology on such statement.

‘(E) If the actual gross receipts paid by subscribers to a cable system for the period covered by the statement for the basic service of providing secondary transmissions of primary broadcast transmitters total $263,800 or less–

‘(i) gross receipts of the cable system for the purpose of this paragraph shall be computed by subtracting from such actual gross receipts the amount by which $263,800 exceeds such actual gross receipts, except that in no case shall a cable system’s gross receipts be reduced to less than $10,400; and

‘(ii) the royalty fee payable under this paragraph shall be 0.5 percent, regardless of the number of distant signal equivalents, if any.

‘(F) If the actual gross receipts paid by subscribers to a cable system for the period covered by the statement for the basic service of providing secondary transmissions of primary broadcast transmitters are more than $263,800 but less than $527,600, the royalty fee payable under this paragraph shall be–

‘(i) 0.5 percent of any gross receipts up to $263,800, regardless of the number of distant signal equivalents, if any; and

‘(ii) 1 percent of any gross receipts in excess of $263,800, but less than $527,600, regardless of the number of distant signal equivalents, if any.

‘(G) A filing fee, as determined by the Register of Copyrights pursuant to section 708(a).’;

(2) in paragraph (2), by striking ‘The Register of Copyrights’ and inserting the following: ‘HANDLING OF FEES- The Register of Copyrights’;

(3) in paragraph (3)–

(A) by striking ‘The royalty fees’ and inserting the following: ‘DISTRIBUTION OF ROYALTY FEES TO COPYRIGHT OWNERS- The royalty fees’;

(B) in subparagraph (A)–

(i) by striking ‘any such’ and inserting ‘Any such’; and

(ii) by striking ‘; and’ and inserting a period;

(C) in subparagraph (B)–

(i) by striking ‘any such’ and inserting ‘Any such’; and

(ii) by striking ‘; and’ and inserting a period; and

(D) in subparagraph (C), by striking ‘any such’ and inserting ‘Any such’;

(4) in paragraph (4), by striking ‘The royalty fees’ and inserting the following: ‘PROCEDURES FOR ROYALTY FEE DISTRIBUTION- The royalty fees’; and

(5) by adding at the end the following new paragraphs:

‘(5) VERIFICATION OF ACCOUNTS AND FEE PAYMENTS- The Register of Copyrights shall issue regulations to provide for the confidential verification and audit of the information reported on the semi-annual statement of account filed after the date of the enactment of the Satellite Home Viewer Update and Reauthorization Act of 2009. The regulations shall provide for a single verification procedure, with respect to the semi-annual statements of account filed by a cable system, to be conducted by a qualified independent auditor on behalf of all copyright owners whose works were the subject of a secondary transmission to the public by a cable system of a performance or display of a work embodied in a primary transmission and for a mechanism to review and cure defects identified by any such audit.

‘(6) ACCEPTANCE OF ADDITIONAL DEPOSITS- Any royalty fee payments received by the Copyright Office from cable systems for the secondary transmission of primary transmissions that are in addition to the payments calculated and deposited in accordance with this subsection shall be deemed to have been deposited for the particular accounting period during which they are received and shall be distributed as specified under this subsection.’.

(d) Definitions- Section 111(f) is amended–

(1) in the first undesignated paragraph, by striking ‘A ‘primary transmission’ is a transmission’ and inserting the following:

‘(1) PRIMARY TRANSMISSION- A ‘primary transmission’ is a transmission, including a multicast transmission,’;

(2) in the second undesignated paragraph–

(A) by striking ‘A ‘secondary transmission’ and inserting the following:

‘(2) SECONDARY TRANSMISSION- A ‘secondary transmission’; and

(B) by striking ‘cable system’ and inserting ‘cable system’;

(3) in the third undesignated paragraph–

(A) by striking ‘A ‘cable system’ and inserting the following:

‘(3) CABLE SYSTEM- A ‘cable system’; and

(B) by striking ‘Territory, Trust Territory, or Possession’ and inserting ‘territory, trust territory, or possession of the United States’;

(4) in the fourth undesignated paragraph–

(A) in the first sentence, by striking ‘The ‘local service area of a primary transmitter’ and inserting the following:

‘(4) LOCAL SERVICE AREA OF A PRIMARY TRANSMITTER- The ‘local service area of a primary transmitter’;

(B) by striking ‘76.59 of title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations’ and inserting the following: ‘76.59 of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations, or within the noise-limited contour as defined in 73.622(e)(1) of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations’; and

(C) by striking ‘as defined by the rules and regulations of the Federal Communications Commission,’;

(5) by amending the fifth undesignated paragraph to read as follows:

‘(5) DISTANT SIGNAL EQUIVALENT-

‘(A) IN GENERAL- Except as provided under subparagraph (B), a ‘distant signal equivalent’–

‘(i) is the value assigned to the secondary transmission of any non-network television programming carried by a cable system in whole or in part beyond the local service area of the primary transmitter of such programming; and

‘(ii) is computed by assigning a value of one to each channel or digital steam carrying independent television programming, and a value of one-quarter to each channel or digital stream carrying network television programming or noncommercial educational television programming transmitted by a television broadcast station pursuant to the rules, regulations, and authorizations of the Federal Communications Commission.

‘(B) EXCEPTIONS- The values for independent, network, and noncommercial educational programming specified in subparagraph (A) are subject to the following:

‘(i) Where the rules and regulations of the Federal Communications Commission require a cable system to omit the further transmission of a particular program and such rules and regulations also permit the substitution of another program embodying a performance or display of a work in place of the omitted transmission, or where such rules and regulations in effect on the date of enactment of the Copyright Act of 1976 permit a cable system, at its election, to effect such omission and substitution of a nonlive program or to carry additional programs not transmitted by primary transmitters within whose local service area the cable system is located, no value shall be assigned for the substituted or additional program.

‘(ii) Where the rules, regulations, or authorizations of the Federal Communications Commission in effect on the date of enactment of the Copyright Act of 1976 permit a cable system, at its election, to omit the further transmission of a particular program and such rules, regulations, or authorizations also permit the substitution of another program embodying a performance or display of a work in place of the omitted transmission, the value assigned for the substituted or additional program shall be, in the case of a live program, the value of one full distant signal equivalent multiplied by a fraction that has as its numerator the number of days in the year in which such substitution occurs and as its denominator the number of days in the year.

‘(iii) In the case of a channel or digital stream carried pursuant to the late-night or specialty programming rules of the Federal Communications Commission, or a channel or digital stream carried on a part-time basis where full-time carriage is not possible because the cable system lacks the activated channel capacity to retransmit on a full-time basis all signals that it is authorized to carry, the values for independent, network, and noncommercial educational programming set forth in subparagraph (A), as the case may be, shall be multiplied by a fraction that is equal to the ratio of the broadcast hours of such channel or digital stream carried by the cable system to the total broadcast hours of the channel or digital stream.’;

(6) in the sixth undesignated paragraph–

(A) by striking ‘A ‘network station’ and inserting the following:

‘(6) NETWORK STATION-

‘(A) IN GENERAL- A ‘network station’; and

(B) by adding at the end the following:

‘(B) NETWORK PROGRAMMING- The term ‘network television programming’ means programming that is transmitted by a network station.’;

(7) by striking the seventh undesignated paragraph and inserting the following:

‘(7) INDEPENDENT STATION-

‘(A) IN GENERAL- An ‘independent station’ is a commercial television broadcast station other than a network station.

‘(B) INDEPENDENT PROGRAMMING- The term ‘independent television programming’ means all programming other than ‘network television programming’ or ‘noncommercial educational television programming’.’;

(8) by striking the eighth undesignated paragraph and inserting the following:

‘(8) NONCOMMERCIAL EDUCATIONAL STATION-

‘(A) IN GENERAL- A ‘noncommercial educational station’ is a television or radio broadcast station that–

‘(i) under the rules and regulations of the Federal Communications Commission in effect on November 2, 1978, is eligible to be licensed by the Federal Communications Commission as a noncommercial educational radio or television broadcast station and that is owned and operated by a public agency or nonprofit private foundation, corporation, or association; or

‘(ii) is owned and operated by a municipality and that transmits only noncommercial programs for education purposes.

‘(B) NONCOMMERCIAL EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMING- The term ‘noncommercial educational television programming’ means programming that is transmitted by a noncommercial educational station.’; and

(9) by adding at the end the following:

‘(9) MULTICAST TRANSMISSION- A ‘multicast transmission’ is a transmission by a television station that contains more than one channel or digital stream, each containing its own distinct programming.

‘(10) SUBSCRIBER- The term ‘subscriber’ means a person or entity that receives a secondary transmission service from a cable system and pays a fee for the service, directly or indirectly, to the cable system.’.

(e) Timing of Section 111 Proceedings- Section 804(b)(1) is amended by striking ‘2005’ each place it appears and inserting ‘2015’.

(f) Technical and Conforming Amendments-

(1) CORRECTIONS TO FIX LEVEL DESIGNATIONS- Section 111 is amended–

(A) in subsections (a), (c), and (e), by striking ‘clause’ each place it appears and inserting ‘paragraph’;

(B) in subsection (c), by striking ‘clauses’ and inserting ‘paragraphs’; and

(C) in subsection (e)(1)(F), by striking ‘subclause’ each place it appears and inserting ‘subparagraph’.

(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT TO HYPHENATE NONNETWORK- Section 111 is amended by striking ‘nonnetwork’ each place it appears and inserting ‘non-network’.

(3) PREVIOUSLY UNDESIGNATED PARAGRAPH- Section 111(e)(1) is amended by striking ‘second paragraph of subsection (f)’ and inserting ‘subsection (f)(2)’.

(4) REMOVAL OF SUPERFLUOUS ANDS- Section 111(e) is amended–

(A) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking ‘and’ at the end;

(B) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking ‘and’ at the end;

(C) in paragraph (1)(C), by striking ‘and’ at the end;

(D) in paragraph (1)(D), by striking ‘and’ at the end; and

(E) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ‘and’ at the end;

(5) REMOVAL OF VARIANT FORMS REFERENCES- Section 111 is amended–

(A) in subsection (e)(4), by striking ‘, and each of its variant forms,’; and

(B) in subsection (f), by striking ‘and their variant forms’.

(6) CORRECTION TO TERRITORY REFERENCE- Section 111(e)(2) is amended in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) by striking ‘three territories’ and inserting ‘five entities’.

SEC. 6. CERTAIN WAIVERS GRANTED TO PROVIDERS OF LOCAL-INTO-LOCAL SERVICE FOR ALL DMAS.

Section 119 is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:

‘(g) Certain Waivers Granted to Providers of Local-Into-Local Service to All DMAs-

‘(1) INJUNCTION WAIVER- A court that issued an injunction pursuant to subsection (a)(7)(B) before the date of the enactment of this subsection shall waive such injunction if the court recognizes the entity against which the injunction was issued as a qualified carrier.

‘(2) LIMITED TEMPORARY WAIVER-

‘(A) IN GENERAL- Upon a request made by a satellite carrier, a court that issued an injunction against such carrier under subsection (a)(7)(B) before the date of the enactment of this subsection shall waive such injunction with respect to the statutory license provided under subsection (a)(2) to the extent necessary to allow such carrier to retransmit distant network signals to unserved households located in short markets in which such carrier was not providing local service pursuant to the license under section 122 as of December 31, 2009.

‘(B) EXPIRATION OF TEMPORARY WAIVER- A temporary waiver of an injunction under subparagraph (A) shall expire after the end of the 120-day period beginning on the date such temporary waiver is made unless extended for good cause by the court making the temporary waiver.

‘(C) FAILURE TO MAKE GOOD FAITH EFFORT TO PROVIDE LOCAL-INTO-LOCAL SERVICE TO ALL DMAS-

‘(i) WILLFUL FAILURE- If the court making a temporary waiver under subparagraph (A) determines that the satellite carrier that made the request for such waiver has failed to make a good faith effort to provide local-into-local service to all DMAs and determines that such failure was willful, such failure–

‘(I) is actionable as an act of infringement under section 501 and the court may in its discretion impose the remedies provided for in section 502 through 506 and subsection (a)(6)(B) of this section; and

‘(II) shall result in the termination of the waiver provided under subparagraph (A).

‘(ii) NONWILLFUL FAILURE- If the court making a temporary waiver under subparagraph (A) determines that the satellite carrier that made the request for such waiver has failed to make a good faith effort to provide local-into-local service to all DMAs and determines that such failure was nonwillful, the court may in its discretion impose financial penalties that reflect–

‘(I) the degree of control the carrier had over the circumstances that resulted in the failure;

‘(II) the quality of the carrier’s efforts to remedy the failure; and

‘(III) the severity and duration of the service interruption.

‘(D) SINGLE TEMPORARY WAIVER AVAILABLE- An entity may only receive one temporary waiver under this paragraph.

‘(E) SHORT MARKET DEFINED- For purposes of this paragraph, the term ‘short market’ means a local market in which programming of one or more of the four most widely viewed television networks nationwide as measured on the date of enactment of this subsection is not offered on the primary signal of any local television broadcast station.

‘(3) ESTABLISHMENT OF QUALIFIED CARRIER RECOGNITION-

‘(A) STATEMENT OF ELIGIBILITY- An entity seeking to be recognized as a qualified carrier under this subsection shall file a statement of eligibility with the court that imposed the injunction. A statement of eligibility must include–

‘(i) an affidavit that the entity is providing local-into-local service to all DMAs;

‘(ii) a request for a waiver of the injunction; and

‘(iii) a certification issued pursuant to section [Struck out->][ X ][][ E&C Act ][][ X ][][ E&C Act ][<-Struck out] .’.

SEC. 7. TERMINATION OF LICENSE.

Section 119, as amended by this Act, shall cease to be effective on December 31, 2014.

Bolivian President Visits the ITU

by P.J. Blount with the blog faculty

From the ITU:

Bolivian President Evo Morales seeks ITU support to launch satellite
Bridging the communication gap is vital to Bolivia, says President during visit to ITU

Geneva, 14 September 2009 —
The President of Bolivia H.E. Mr Evo Morales Ayma visited ITU on 13 September. During his meeting with ITU Secretary-General Dr Hamadoun Touré, the President discussed Bolivia’s filing for an orbital position for its geostationary communications satellite.

Satellite communication is of vital interest to the social, economic and cultural needs of the people of Bolivia, a landlocked country of vast ethnic and geographical diversity stretching from low-lying salt flats and deep Amazon forests to high Andean mountains. Noting that Bolivia is made up of 36 nations of indigenous peoples, President Morales said that a modern, accessible and dynamic telecommunication system with Internet access is a key element in addressing the challenges of poverty, exclusion and isolation particularly among the indigenous population of the country. “There is no denying that such access would equip them with modern tools for overcoming poverty, supporting integration, production, education, technology-transfer processes and a range of social services,” said President Morales. At the same time, he recognized that Bolivia enjoys “an incomparable geostrategic position as it is located in the heart of South America, enabling it to serve as an integrating hub for all forms of communication imaginable.”

As the arc of interest for a geostationary satellite orbital position for Bolivia is quite crowded, it would require complex coordination to achieve agreement for the mutual operation of all communication satellites in the region. Mr Valery Timofeev, Director of ITU’s Radiocommunication Bureau assured the President that ITU will do its utmost to assist the Government of Bolivia but reiterated that in order to avoid interference and possible future complications, the task at hand would be meticulous and time consuming.

President Morales, Dr Touré and Mr Timofeev agreed to hold tripartite discussions with the Bolivian Government, ITU and industry to find the best technical solutions. It is likely that President Morales will announce the launch date of the satellite at the next ITU Plenipotentiary Conference in Veracruz, Mexico in October 2010 or earlier.

The ITU Radiocommunication Bureau has been working to provide technical support to the Government of Bolivia in the identification of an appropriate orbital position to be used by their future satellite communications network. The studies recall the international rights and obligations of Member States pertinent to the application of the ITU Radio Regulations (the international treaty governing the use of the radio spectrum and satellite orbit resources). ITU’s feasibility study has also identified options relating to the availability of orbital slots and frequency bands associated with the different procedures contained in the Radio Regulations, which could be considered by Bolivia for its satellite network.

Options related to the implementation of the Bolivian satellite orbital positions are associated with the existing Plans in the Radio Regulations:

1. The fixed-satellite service Plan contains a national allotment for Bolivia at the orbital position of 34.8
2. ° W in the 4/6 and 10-11/13 GHz frequency bands. The broadcasting-satellite service Plan contains a total of 25 channels assigned to Bolivia in the 12/17 GHz bands at the orbital position 87.2
3. ° W and 115.2° W. Non-planned frequency bands under consideration in the geostationary orbit are: 5 825-6 725/3 400-4 200 MHz (“C-band”), 13.75-14.5/10.95-11.2; 11.45-11.7; 11.7-12.2 GHz (“Ku-band”) and 27.5-31.0/17.7-21.2 GHz (“Ka-band”).

ITU is committed to connecting the world to the benefits of information and communication technologies, ensuring that people everywhere are able to achieve their overall social and economic aspirations.
It has been the global focal point for ICT for nearly 145 years and has played a vital role in the efficient management of the radio-frequency spectrum and satellite orbits. These resources are increasingly in demand from a large number of services such as fixed, mobile, broadcasting, space research, meteorology, navigational aids, environmental monitoring and, last but not least, communication services that ensure safety of life on land, at sea and in the skies.